奖励旅游发展比较研究外文文献翻译2017

澳洲奖励旅游

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内容提示：文 献 出 处 : Formica S. Comparative study on incentive travel development[J]. Tourism Management, 2017, 1(5): 93-112. 原文 Comparative study on incentive travel development Formica S Abstract It is generally believed that incentive travel (Ineentivetour) originated in the 20 s and 30 s of the United States, when some enterprise, state organs, public organizations for incentive worker is exceeded, the department offers free travel as a bonus, all free incentive travel and part of it can be divided into tw...。

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文 献 出 处 : Formica S. Comparative study on incentive travel development[J]. Tourism Management, 2017, 1(5): 93-112. 原文 Comparative study on incentive travel development Formica S Abstract It is generally believed that incentive travel (Ineentivetour) originated in the 20 s and 30 s of the United States, when some enterprise, state organs, public organizations for incentive worker is exceeded, the department offers free travel as a bonus, all free incentive travel and part of it can be divided into two kinds of incentive travel free of charge. Due to its incentive effect is obvious, incentive travel gradually obtained the recognition of numerous enterprises, state organs, public organizations, and with the development of air traffic and popularization. Later, with the development of the enterprise performance management theory, incentive travel has gradually turned into a kind of management into enterprise management system. At present, the incentive travel developed countries mainly concentrated in North America and Europe, such as the United States, there has been a lot of world 500 strong enterprises adopt the way of incentive travel to incentive employees, this phenomenon also appears in the France, Germany, Italy, Britain and other countries.。

Keywords: incentive travel; comparative study; the development situation 1 Introduction Before the 1990 s, North America and Europe is not only the main group incentive travel, but also the most main incentive travel destination: when the incentive travel destination abroad are mainly in Europe, the main incentive travel market and European countries such as Germany, Italy, France, the incentive travel about 40% one 50% was conducted in their own country. About the concept of INCENTIVE travel a variety of controversial INCENTIVE travel English name for 'INCENTIVETRAVEL', 'INCENTIVE' is the meaning of 'stimulus' and 'encouraging'. Milton Astroff and JnajeSR Abbey in the book 'the convention and exhibition management and services) that incentive travel is a travel award - usually a full package luxury travel - as a stimulus for special work hard and reach the standards prescribed by the project sponsor employees and customers. The Singapore tourism board incentive travel is defined as, to achieve, and even beyond the specific objects of the company or individual overall performance, such as employees, managers, agents and so on, by the business owners to provide a certain amount of funds planning holidays, entrust a specialized tour operators carefully designed' unusual 'tourism activities, in order to create working draft of the reward success of persons, let them experience a memorable trip, and to increase the participants to the centripetal force。

of the enterprise. The incentive travel association believes, incentive travel is a kind of modern management tools, the purpose is to help enterprises to achieve a specific goal, and to achieve the goal of participants give a unusual tourism vacation as a reward; and each big company use tourism as a cause of arrangement, to develop the market as the ultimate purpose of customers to invite. 'Hong Kong big dictionary' the tourism industry as a reward, the industrial and commercial enterprises and other industries to stimulate the enthusiasm of the staff, increase the sense of belonging and do a good job in public relations with relevant departments, organizations and individuals and organizations of free travel. Above all, the incentive travel is a kind of modern management tools, the purpose is to help companies achieve a specific goal, and through professional tourism enterprises to reach or exceed the goal of an unusual outstanding employees free travel holiday as encouragement, and finally achieve the sustainable, stable and healthy development of the enterprise. 2 The development of incentive travel The beginning of the 20th century, the most developed places in the world, the North America and Europe, relatively developed commodity economy and the fierce market competition has become the incentive travel initiation. As early as in 1906, the United States, the national cash register company 'on to provide customers with a free to visit the。

headquarters of Dayton. Selling cars in the United States in Chicago 20 or 30 s, some company managers in order to improve the sales in the competition of sales activities, provisions for sales personnel quota, as long as excess to achieve sales target, sales people will qualify for the free tourist activities. At the time, the organizers of the event the subconscious reduce such free travel activities to a kind of promotion, can think 'debt', that is to say, this kind of activity can bring to the company enough profits to pay for the cost of free travel, the result also proved the correctness of the organizers expected. So as the promotion of free travel activity gradually evolved into incentive travel, and firstly approved by selling enterprise, became one of the selling enterprise employees on incentive methods. At the time, the end-user of the incentive travel is mainly auto dealers, electric equipment distributors and the insurance company salesman sales elite, and this kind of incentive travel activities include all free and part two free of charge. 2.1 Budding stage In North America, after the birth of incentive travel for a long period of time, its application range is still mainly sales, the vast majority of incentive travel by the enterprise organization, implementation, team is a small, limited by transportation short-range incentive travel. The late 1920 s, larger safer aircraft began to be put into use, air travel increasingly attractive, in 1939, Europe and the United States all have。

regular passenger flights between major cities. Air traffic led to the development of the development of the remote incentive travel, U.S. companies will be aimed at European incentive travel destination, and the incentive travel as a way to motivate the concept of initial output to Europe, the UK, Germany, Italy, and France became Europe accept incentive travel concept of the fastest. At the same time, people gradually realize the incentive travel is not only a means of effectively promote sales, and enhance the morale, motivate, improve employee productivity and work efficiency, and fight for the special business object, etc. Compared with the traditional cash bonus and material reward, incentive travel has its own unique advantages, the prominent role of incentive travel in enterprise management preliminary revealed, so many not sales department also started to implement incentive travel plan. 2.2 Developmental stage 50 years of the 20th century, in the middle of the jet aircraft for civil aviation, the aircraft not only safer, more comfortable, and faster, and cheaper price. Aircraft speed increase makes travel time to further shorten the distance, reduce the cost of the travel ticket prices greatly reduced, so that air travel is popular. With the great development of the aviation industry, more and more companies to join the implementation of incentive travel, incentive travel in the United States prospered, incentive travel, especially long-distance incentive travel long distances to speed up。

the growth rate, at this time of Europe became the most major U.S. incentive travel overseas destination. The great development of incentive travel abroad, on the one hand, in the output of the concept of the incentive travel at the same time, also brought the prosperity of the incentive travel market, the UK, Germany, Italy and France quickly became a thing of the implementation of incentive travel the major European countries. Began to spread, the incentive travel destination by the European, north American part spread to Australia and the asia-pacific countries and regions, and gradually and convention and exhibition together. 2.3 Mature stage Since the early 1990 s, people awareness of incentive travel more comprehensive and more profound, the connotation of incentive travel is becoming more and more rich, incentive travel as a kind of effective means of enterprise management into enterprise management system. At this point, the western countries adopt the way of incentive travel incentives for related staff of all the reward way occupies very important position (see table 2.1), the incentive travel market in Europe is growing at a 3% to 4% a year, the development of the tourism market is almost synchronous with the world. Incentive travel also more wide application range, according to the American foundation for incentive travel management association (SITE) survey, 6% in North America and Europe。

have 1 companies use incentive travel plans to improve the service quality and has a lot of world 500 strong enterprises begin to use incentive travel plan to motivate employees, 72% of the company will award travel aiming for the office employees. 3 The features of incentive travel 3.1 The development of incentive travel tend to be more humanized The developments of incentive travel abroad fully catered to the psychological needs of individuals for recognition and respect more human nature. It can not only look from the inside of the importance of staff incentive travel out).More reflected in the family incentive travel - reward employees and spouse travel - began to rise, although some people think that because double-income families is very common in the world, it's often difficult to design a couple can share incentive travel plan, but the data shows, family incentive travel really began to rise, with the world's largest travel management company, American express, for example, the company developed level 3 reward schemes, whether employees ability to size, can be rewarded, and best eligible, will get the highest reward - take lady, go on a package of charge of vacation tourism, also sent a petty cash. 3.2 The destination choice tendency of incentive travel is obvious About the factors that influence the incentive travel choice destination is very different from the United States and the asia-pacific。

region. In the aspect of incentive travel destination choice tend to: the famous tourist city landscape, the historical and cultural city. The city with beautiful environment, clean area at the center of the city or the capital. The city traffic, communication, banking, finance and other more developed, the coverage of large, considerable absorption and radiation ability of an international city. Local has more international standing body or international organizations, as the medium to accept international incentive travel. Require 4 or 5 star hotel in terms of hardware and the corresponding entertainment facilities, and computer equipment, hotel, the venue and other service facilities, in the aspect of software, the modern management level and service quality is higher, a better climate environment and social environment, public security is good, the social civilization and good destination image, amidst a transportation. 3.3 Professional incentive travel agency is sound Incentive travel was once only be planned by the company, but the incentive travel differs from conventional tourism feature (see table 4.3), the incentive travel's works have become more complex, in order to adapt to the rapid development of incentive travel, foreign professional incentive travel agencies have been established. These institutions include not only has the functions of the government's award tourism, also includes the enterprise nature of the professional institutions. In the United States, this is known as the “power”. These institutions not only。

incentive travel planning activities, but also to need to purchase a incentive travel companies arrange incentive travel. Internationally, is engaged in the basic institutions of incentive travel business is divided into three categories, namely, full-service rewards, complete type of reward and incentive travel companies tourism. 3.4 The market promotion activities of incentive travel is fair and regular Incentive travel market development is more and more mature, promotion activity appeared a qualitative leap, the exhibition has become incentive travel one of the most main information exchange platform. To take the initiative in the numerous exhibitions, European meeting rewards and Chicago meeting rewards to take the most representative. Incentives to take Europe meeting is one of the most important in the world, one of the highest professional trading results one of the best meeting, incentive and official tourism exhibition, held in May every year; Chicago meeting rewards tourism exhibition is one of the world more important meeting and incentive tourism exhibition, held once every year in September. Old to take the initiative in international conference and exhibition, and are also included in the incentive travel and meetings exhibition in Malaysia and so on. Buyers and sellers trading active account for most of the incentive travel market.。

关键词: 奖励旅游,译文 奖励旅游发展比较研究 Formica S 摘要 一般认为,奖励旅游(Ineentivetour)起源于 20 世纪 20、30 年代的美国,当时一些企业、机关、团体为激励本部门职工超额完成任务,提供免费旅游作为奖励,它可以分为全部免费奖励旅游和部分免费奖励旅游两种,目前,奖励旅游发达的国家主要集中在北美和欧洲,如美国,发展情况 1 引言 在 20 世纪 90 年代中后期以前,北美和欧洲不仅仅是奖励旅游最主要的客源地,同时也是奖励旅游最主要的目的地:当时美国奖励旅游的主要海外目的地是欧洲,而欧洲最主要的奖励旅游市场国如德国、意大利、法国,其奖励旅游约 40%一 50%是在本国进行的,由于其激励作用明显,奖励旅游逐渐得到了众多企业、机关、团体的认可,并随着航空交通的发展而得到了普及,已经有很多的世界 500 强企业采用奖励旅游的方式对员工进行激励,这样的现象也出现在了法国、德国、意大利、英国等国家,后来,随着企业管理绩效理论的发展,奖励旅游逐渐变成了一种管理手段被纳入企业的管理系统,关于奖励旅 游 概 念 的 多 种 争 议 奖 励 旅 游 的 英 文 名 称 为“INCENTIVETRAVEL”,“INCENTIVE”的含义是“刺激”、“鼓励”,比较研究,Milton Astroff 与 JnajeSR Abbey 在合著的《会展管理与服务))中认为,。

奖励旅游是一种旅游奖励—一般是一次全包豪华旅游—作为刺激提供给工作特别努力和达到项目赞助者规定标准的员工和客户,《香港大词典》将奖励旅游界定为,工商企业及其他行业为刺激工作人员的积极性,增加归属感以及搞好与有关部门、团体和个人的公共关系而组织的免费旅游,2 奖励旅游发展历程 20世纪初,北美和欧洲是世界经济最发达的地方,相对发达的商品经济和激烈的市场竞争成为了奖励旅游萌生的沃土,世界奖励旅游协会认为,奖励旅游是一种现代化的管理工具,目的在于协助企业达到特定的企业目标,并对于达到该目标的参与人员给予一个非比寻常的旅游假期作为奖励;同时也是各大公司安排的以旅游为诱因,以开发市场为最终目的的客户邀请团,新加坡旅游局将奖励旅游定义为,针对达成、甚至超越公司个别或总体业绩之特定对象,如员工、经理人、代理商等,由企业主提供一定的经费规划假期,委托专业旅游业者精心设计“非比寻常”的旅游活动,以稿赏创造营运佳绩的有功人员,让他们体验一场难以忘怀之旅,并藉此增加参与者对企业的向心力,二、三十年代在美国芝加哥的汽车销售业中,有的公司管理者为了提高销售额而在开展销售竞赛活动时,为销售人员规定了定额指,综上所述,早在 1906 年,美国“全国现金注册公司”就向客户提供了一次免费参观代顿的总部的活动,奖励旅游是一种现代化的管理工具,目的在于协助企业达到特定的目标,并通过专业旅游企业给予达到或超过该目标的优秀人员一个非比寻常的免费旅游假期作为鼓励,最终实现企业的持续、稳定和健康发展。

航空交通的发展带动了远程奖励旅游的发展,美国公司开始将奖励旅游目的地瞄准欧洲,并将奖励旅游作为激励员工方式的观念初步输出到了欧洲,英国、德国、意大利和法国成为欧洲接受奖励旅游观念最快的国家,2.1 萌芽阶段 在北美,奖励旅游诞生后的很长时期内,其应用范围仍然主要是销售业,绝大多数奖励旅游由企业自己组织、实施,团队规模不大,受交通工具的限制短程奖励旅游盛行,与传统的现金奖励和物质奖励相比较,奖励旅游有自身独特的优势,奖励旅游在企业管理方面的突出作用初步显现,于是许多非,在当时,奖励旅游的最终使用者主要是汽车经销商、电器分销商和保险公司推销员等销售业精英,而这种奖励旅游活动包括全部免费和部分免费两种,于是作为促销手段而产生的免费旅游活动逐渐演变成了奖励旅游活动,并首先受到了销售企业的认可,成为销售企业中对员工进行激励的方法,与此同时,人们逐渐认识到奖励旅游不仅仅是有效的促进销售的手段,还有增强士气、鼓舞干劲、提高雇员生产效率和工作效益、争取特殊的经营对象等等作用,标,只要超额完成销售指标,销售人员就有资格参加免费的旅游活动,在当时,活动的组织者潜意识中把这样的免费旅游活动归纳为促销手段的一种,认为可以“生利还本”,也就是说这种活动可以给公司带来足够的利润来支付免费旅游的费用,其结果也证明了活动组织者预想的正确性,20 世纪 20 年代末期,体型较大较为安全的客机开始投入使用,航空旅行的吸引力越来越大,到 1939 年的时候,欧美各主要城市间已经有了定期客运航班。

2.3 成熟阶段 进入 20 世纪 90 年代初期以来,人们对奖励旅游的认识更加全面、更加深刻,奖励旅游的内涵变得越来越丰富,奖励旅游作为一种有效的企业管理手段被纳入企业的管理系统,随着航空业的大发展,越来越多的公司加入了实施奖励旅游的行列,美国的奖励旅游兴盛起来,奖励旅游尤其是远距离的长途奖励旅游增长速度加快,此时欧洲成为了美国奖励旅游最主要的海外目的地,美国出境奖励旅游的大发展,一方面在输出奖励旅游观念的同时,也带来了欧洲奖励旅游市场的繁荣,英国、德国、意大利和法国很快就成为了欧洲推行奖励旅游最主要的国家,此时,西方国家采用奖励旅游对相关人员进行激励的方式在所有的奖励方式之中占据了非常重要的地位(见表 2.1),欧洲的奖励旅游市场每年以 3%一 4%的速度增长,与世界旅游市场的发展几乎同步,销售部门也开始实施奖励旅游计划,奖励旅游的应用范围也更加宽广,根据美国奖励旅游管理人员协会(SITE)基金会的调查,在北美和欧洲有 6%1 的公司使用奖励旅游计划改善服务质量,已经有很多的世界,奖励旅游目的地开始扩散,由欧洲、北美扩散到了澳洲和亚太部分国家和地区,并逐渐和会议展览结合在一起,飞机速度的提高使得旅行的时间距离得以进一步缩短,机票价格的降低使旅行的成本大大降低,从而使航空旅行不断普及,2.2 发展阶段 到了 20 世纪 50 年中期,喷气式飞机开始用于民航,这些飞机不仅更安全、更舒服,而且速度更快,票价也更便宜。

3 奖励旅游的特征 3.1 奖励旅游发展更趋于人性化 国外奖励旅游的发展充分迎合了个人要求得到承认和尊重的心理需求,更加人性化,500 强企业开始使用奖励旅游计划激励公司雇员,有 72%的公司将奖励旅游的目标瞄准了办公室雇员,这一点不仅可以从奖励旅游中员工的重要性里面看出来),当地驻有较多国际性的常设机构或国际组织,以此作为接纳国际奖励旅游的媒介,3.2 奖励旅游目的地选择的倾向明显 关于影响奖励旅游选择目的地的因素,美国和亚太地区有很大的差异,更体现在“家庭奖励旅游”—奖励员工和配偶一起旅游—开始兴起,虽然有人认为在国际上由于双薪家庭十分普遍,通常很难设计一种夫妇双方可以共享的奖励旅游方案,但资料显示,家庭奖励旅游的确开始兴起,以世界上最大的旅行管理公司—美国运通为例,公司制定了三级奖励方案,不论员工能力大小,都能得到相应的奖励,而最佳合格者,将得到最高奖励—带上夫人,去作一次费用全包的度假旅游,同时还发给一笔零用费,在奖励旅游目的地选择方面一般倾向于:著名的风景旅游城市、历史文化名城,较好的气候,在硬件方面要求有 4、5 星级酒店和相应的娱乐设施、以及计算机设备、旅馆、会场等服务设施,在软件方面则对现代化的管理水平与服务质量要求较高,这些城市环境优美,清洁卫生地区的中心城市或首都,这些城市的交通、通讯、银行、金融等较发达,覆盖面大,有相当的吸纳和辐射能力的国际性城市。

3.3 专业奖励旅游机构较健全 奖励旅游一度只由公司进行策划,但奖励旅游区别于一般常规旅游的特征(具体见表 4.3),使得奖励旅游的运做变的更加复杂,为了适应奖励旅游的迅猛发展,国外专业的奖励旅游机构纷纷建立,在国际上,从事奖励旅游业务的机构基本分为三类,即全方位服务奖励公司、完成型奖励旅游公司和奖励旅游部,这些机构不仅策划奖励旅游活动,而且还为需要购买奖励旅游的公司组织安排奖励旅游,3.4 奖励旅游市场推广活动趋向展会化和定期化 奖励旅游市场发展越来越成熟,推广活动出现了质的飞跃,展览会成了奖励旅游最主要的信息交流平台之一,在众多展会中,欧洲会议奖励旅游展和芝加哥会议奖励旅游展最具有代表性,买卖双方交易活跃,成交额占据了国际奖励旅游市场中的大部分份额,欧洲会议奖励旅游展是世界上最重要的、专业水平最高、交易实效最好的会议、奖励和公务旅游展之一,每年 5 月份举办一次; 芝加哥会议奖励旅游展是世界上较为重要的会议和奖励旅游展,每年 9 月份举办一次,此外还包括旧内瓦国际会展旅游展和马来西亚亚太奖励旅游和会议展览等,这些机构不仅包括具有政府职能的奖励旅游局,同时还包括企业性质的专业机构,环境和社会环境,治安良好,社会文明和良好的目的地形象,交通畅达,在美国,这些机构被称为“动力所”。

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